Life of Kazi Nazrul Islam(1889-1976)

Kazi Nazrul Islam was born on May 24, 1899, in the village of Churulia, located in the Burdwan district of West Bengal, India. His birth name was Kazi Nazrul Islam. He was born into a modest Muslim family. His father, Kazi Faqeer Ahmed, was an imam and caretaker of the local mosque, while his mother, Zahida Khatun, was a homemaker.

    Early Life of Kazi Nazrul Islam  

 Kazi Nazrul Islam, often referred to as Nazrul was a prominent and influential figure in Bengali literature and music during the 20th century. Here are some key points about his life and contributions:

1. Early Life and Education: Nazrul was born on May 24, 1899, in a Muslim family in Bangladesh. He received Islamic education as a child but also developed a secular and rebellious outlook. Despite his modest beginnings, he had a natural inclination for literary and artistic pursuits.

2. British Indian Army Service: In 1917 Nazrul joined the British Indian Army, but he didn’t complete his formal education before enlisting. During his service, he continued to write poetry and songs that expressed his thoughts on freedom, equality, and justice.

3. Rebel Poet: Nazrul became known as the “Rebel Poet” for his outspoken and sometimes controversial poetry. In 1922, he was imprisoned by the British colonial authorities for his involvement in sedition and anti-establishment activities.

4. Literary and Musical Legacy: Despite his challenges, Nazrul continued to create an extensive body of work that included poems, songs, essays, and stories. His poetry often addressed themes of social justice, humanism, and patriotism. His “Nazrul Geeti” songs also significantly inspired social and political change.

5. Health Issues: In 1942, Nazrul was struck by a severe nervous illness that left him incapacitated for many years. He couldn’t actively contribute to his literary or musical endeavors during this period.

6. Relocation to Bangladesh: In 1972, following the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan, Nazrul and his family were transferred from Kolkata to Dhaka, where he spent the remaining years of his life.

7. National Poet of Bangladesh: Kazi Nazrul Islam is recognized as the “National Poet” of Bangladesh, and his contributions to Bengali literature and culture are highly revered. His works and ideals have played a significant role in shaping the national consciousness of Bangladesh.

8. Legacy: Nazrul’s poetry and songs continue to be celebrated and loved by people in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. His themes of social justice, secularism, and women’s empowerment remain relevant and inspirational.

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s work and life story exemplify his dedication to justice, equality, and humanism. His impact on Bengali literature and music is lasting, and his legacy continues influencing and inspire generations.

         Soldier Life of Kazi Nazrul Islam

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s life as a soldier was a significant phase in his early adulthood, and it had a lasting impact on his personal and creative journey. Here is an overview of his life as a soldier:

1. Enlistment in the British Indian Army: In 1917, at 18, Kazi Nazrul Islam enlisted in the British Indian Army. During World War I, he joined the 49th Bengal Regiment in the British Army. India was under British colonial rule then, and many young men, like Nazrul, were recruited into the army to serve the British Empire.

2. Service as a Soldier: Nazrul served as a soldier and was stationed at various locations during his military service. His service in the army exposed him to the rigors of military life, including physical training, discipline, and camaraderie among soldiers.

3. Continuation of Creative Pursuits: Nazrul continued to write poetry and songs during his service despite his military commitments. His creative output often reflected his thoughts on social justice, freedom, and the struggle against colonial rule. His writing was influenced by the political and social environment of the time.

4. Imprisonment for Sedition: While in the army, Nazrul wrote a fiery poem titled “Anondomoyeer Agomone” (The Advent of the Delightful Season), which was critical of the British Raj. This poem was considered seditious, and in 1922, he was imprisoned by the British colonial authorities for his involvement in anti-establishment activities.

5. Transformation into the “Rebel Poet”: Nazrul’s imprisonment and outspoken poetry earned him the “Rebel Poet of undivided India.” His writings and fearless stand against colonial exploitation made him iconic in the struggle for independence.

6. Return to Civilian Life: After his release from prison, Nazrul eventually left the military and returned to civilian life. He continued to write prolifically and composed poems and songs that significantly inspired social and political change.

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s time as a soldier was marked by the challenges and struggles of military life, but it also provided him with a platform to express his beliefs and ideals through his poetry. His experiences during this period, including his imprisonment, contributed to his reputation as a poet who fearlessly voiced his views and advocated for social justice and freedom. Nazrul’s creative output during and after his military service continues to be celebrated for its powerful impact on the collective consciousness of Bengali-speaking people.                               

Journalist Life of Kazi Nazrul Islam

Kazi Nazrul Islam had a multifaceted career; at one point, he worked as a journalist. His journalism career played a role in shaping his identity as a social commentator and writer. Here is an overview of his life as a journalist:

1. Early Writing and Literary Interests: Even before becoming a journalist, Nazrul was known for his literary talents. He wrote poems and essays from a young age, often addressing social and political issues. His early works showed a deep concern for the welfare of society and a desire to bring about positive change.

2. Contributions to Newspapers and Magazines: During the early 1920s, while he was still in the British Indian Army and after his release from prison, Nazrul began contributing poems, essays, and articles to various newspapers and magazines. He wrote for publications that were known for their nationalist and anti-colonial stances.

3. Role at “Nabayug” and “Dhumketu”: Nazrul became associated with “Nabayug,” a prominent literary magazine in Calcutta (now Kolkata). His involvement in “Nabayug” allowed him to express his views and creative ideas. Later, he joined the editorial team of “Dhumketu,” another influential literary magazine, where he contributed significantly to the cultural and political discourse.

4. Role as an Editor: Nazrul eventually became an editor, working for various publications. His role as an editor allowed him to contribute his writings and shape the content and direction of the magazines.

5. Advocacy and Social Commentary: As a journalist, Nazrul used his platform to advocate for social justice, humanism, and political change. He wrote on issues such as religious harmony, communalism, and the exploitation of the underprivileged.

6. Arrests and Censorship: Nazrul’s outspoken and often controversial writings led to his arrest and imprisonment by British colonial authorities on several occasions. His work, particularly his critique of the government, was seen as seditious, and he faced censorship.

7. Rebel Poet Identity: Nazrul’s journalism work, along with his poetry, earned him the title of the “Rebel Poet of undivided India.” He was known for his fearless and unapologetic stance against colonial rule and oppression.

8. Continued Impact: Even after his journalism career, Nazrul’s writings significantly impacted the social and political landscape of the time. His works, including his journalism, inspired and influenced the struggle for independence in India.

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s journalism career, like his poetry and music, was marked by his commitment to social justice, his critique of colonial rule, and his unyielding advocacy for the betterment of society. His writings, whether in newspapers, magazines, or through his poems and songs, remain influential and continue to be celebrated for their impact on the collective consciousness of the Bengali-speaking population.

Family Life of Kazi Nazrul Islam

Kazi Nazrul Islam had a family life characterized by personal joys and challenges. Here is an overview of his family life:

1. Parents: Kazi Nazrul Islam was born to his parents, Zaheda Khatun and Qazi Fakir Ahmed. His father, Fakir Ahmed, served as the local mosque’s imam and cared for the tomb.

2. Siblings: Nazrul had several siblings, including brothers and sisters. Kazi Ali Hossain was the youngest among his siblings, Kazi Sahebjan was the eldest brother, and Umme Kulsum was among his sisters.

3. Childhood and Early Adulthood: Nazrul’s early life was marked by financial hardships after his father’s death when he was nine. It forced him to start working young to support his family.

4. Marriage: Kazi Nazrul Islam married twice in his lifetime. His first marriage was to Nargis in 1921. Nargis was an essential source of inspiration for many of his romantic poems and songs. Unfortunately, Nargis passed away in 1926, leaving Nazrul devastated.

5. Second Marriage: Nazrul married Promila 1927 after Nargis’s death. Promila, like Nargis, also played a significant role in his life and was a source of inspiration for his creative works.

6. Children: Nazrul had several children from his marriages, including sons and daughters. His family life was not without its difficulties, and the financial challenges he faced affected his family.

7. Later Years and Health Issues: In 1942, Nazrul’s life took a difficult turn when he was afflicted with a severe nervous illness, which left him incapacitated for many years. During this time, his family cared for him, particularly his wife, Promila. Due to his health issues, he could not engage in his literary and musical activities for an extended period.

8. Relocation to Bangladesh: In 1972, following the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan, Kazi Nazrul Islam and his family were transferred from Kolkata to Dhaka. The Bangladesh government provided support and care for him and his family.

9. Granting of Bangladeshi Nationality: In 1976 Kazi Nazrul Islam was granted Bangladeshi nationality, recognizing his significant contributions to Bengali culture and literature. He passed away later that year in Dhaka.

Personal triumphs and tribulations marked Kazi Nazrul Islam’s family life. His wives and children played essential roles in his life, and his family supported him during the challenging times, particularly when he suffered from a severe illness in his later years. His legacy as a poet and musician continues to be celebrated by his family and Bengali-speaking people worldwide.

More Info:Kazi Nazrul Islam

Rebel of Kazi Nazrul Islam

Kazi Nazrul Islam, often called the “Rebel Poet,” earned this title due to his outspoken and fearless stance against colonial rule, social injustice, and oppression. He used his poetry, songs, and writings to advocate for change, equality, and freedom. Here are some critical aspects of his rebellious and activist identity:

1. Critique of Colonial Rule: Nazrul openly criticized British colonial rule in India, addressing themes such as freedom, independence, and self-determination in his works. His poems and writings reflected the aspirations of many who sought to end British domination.

2. Advocacy for Social Justice: Nazrul’s poetry and writings also focused on social issues such as poverty, discrimination, and the mistreatment of the underprivileged. He used his platform to raise awareness about these injustices and called for a more just and equitable society.

3. Challenge to Religious Conservatism: Nazrul was known for his progressive and secular outlook. He challenged religious fundamentalism and promoted unity and tolerance among religious and cultural groups. His writings emphasized the common humanity of all people.

4. Advocacy for Gender Equality: Nazrul was a vocal advocate for women’s rights and gender equality. He composed numerous poems and songs that celebrated the strength and independence of women and called for their empowerment.

5. Support for the Labor Movement: He supported the labor movement and workers’ rights. His poetry often celebrated the struggles of laborers and their fight for better working conditions and fair treatment.

6. Imprisonment for Sedition: Nazrul’s writings and activism led to his arrest and imprisonment by the British colonial authorities, who considered his work seditious and a threat to their rule.

7. Symbol of Resistance: Kazi Nazrul Islam became a symbol of resistance against colonial oppression and social injustices. His powerful and evocative poetry inspired and galvanized others to join the struggle for independence.

8. Continued Legacy: Even after India gained independence, Nazrul’s legacy as a rebel poet remained significant. His message of justice, humanism, and rebellion against tyranny resonated with people in India and Bangladesh, leaving a lasting impact on Bengali literature and culture.

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s life and work as a rebel poet made him iconic in the fight for freedom, equality, and justice. His poetry and songs continue to inspire and move people to this day, and he is celebrated as a symbol of resistance and a champion of social and political change.

 Illness and death of Kazi Nazrul Islam

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s life was marked by a prolonged and debilitating illness that severely affected his ability to create and express himself. Here’s an overview of his illness and his eventual passing:

Illness:

In 1942, Kazi Nazrul Islam was afflicted by a severe and debilitating nervous disorder. This illness left him partially paralyzed and mute, so he could not continue his creative activities, such as writing poetry and composing songs. The exact nature of his neurological condition is still a matter of debate among medical experts.

This illness caused significant distress to Nazrul and his family. It was a tragic turn of events in the life of a man who had been such a prolific and influential poet and musician.

Life During Illness:

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s health declined over the years, and he had to remain largely isolated and bedridden. His family, particularly his wife, Promila, provided care and support during this challenging period. He could not actively engage in public life or creative pursuits, and his silence and physical limitations were a source of great sorrow for his admirers and the people of Bengal.

Transfer to Bangladesh:

In 1972, following the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan, the government of Bangladesh, recognizing the importance of Nazrul’s contributions to Bengali culture, decided to bring him and his family from Kolkata to Dhaka. This move was intended to provide better care and support for the ailing poet and his family.

Death:

Kazi Nazrul Islam died in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on August 29, 1976. He was 77 years old at the time of his death. His passing marked the end of a remarkable and influential literary and musical career. Nazrul’s contributions to Bengali literature and culture, especially his messages of social justice, humanism, and rebellion against oppression, continue to be celebrated and remembered by people in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India.

Despite his long struggle with illness and silence, Kazi Nazrul Islam’s legacy as a “Rebel Poet” and his impact on Bengali culture remain enduring and influential, and his works continue to inspire generations of people in the Bengali-speaking world.

Kazi Nazrul Islam Arrival and Departure in Bangladesh

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s arrival and departure in Bangladesh were significant events, especially as they marked a new phase in his personal and creative journey. Here are the critical details of his arrival and departure in Bangladesh:

Arrival in Bangladesh:

1. Arrival Date: Kazi Nazrul Islam, often referred to as the “National Poet” of Bangladesh, arrived in Bangladesh on May 25, 1972. This date is significant as it follows the country’s victory in the Bangladesh Liberation War and the subsequent declaration of independence from Pakistan.

2. Context: Nazrul’s arrival in Bangladesh was highly anticipated. The newly independent Bangladesh saw him as a symbol of the nation’s cultural identity and an icon of resistance. The government of Bangladesh, under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, extended an invitation to Nazrul to join the country and offered to provide care and support for him and his family.

3. Move to Dhaka: After his arrival, Kazi Nazrul Islam and his family were relocated to Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The government arranged their accommodation and care, recognizing the poet’s contributions to Bengali culture.

Life in Bangladesh:

Kazi Nazrul Islam spent the remaining years of his life in Bangladesh. He was given the recognition and respect he deserved as the “National Poet” of the country, and his presence in Bangladesh was a source of great pride for the nation.

Departure from Bangladesh:

Kazi Nazrul Islam spent the last few years of his life in Bangladesh, where he continued to be celebrated and honored for his contributions to Bengali culture. His departure from Bangladesh is tied to his death:

1. Date of Departure: Kazi Nazrul Islam passed away on August 29, 1976, in Dhaka, Bangladesh. His death marked the end of a remarkable and influential literary and musical career.

2. Legacy: Following his death, Kazi Nazrul Islam’s legacy as the “National Poet” of Bangladesh and his impact on Bengali culture continued to be celebrated and remembered. His work and ideals, which include themes of social justice, humanism, and rebellion against oppression, remain influential in the collective consciousness of the Bengali-speaking people.

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s arrival in Bangladesh was a moment of great significance for the newly independent nation, and his time in the country allowed him to receive the recognition and care he deserved in his later years. His departure from Bangladesh following his death marked the end of an era, but his legacy remains an enduring and powerful force in Bengali culture.

                                     Kazi Nazrul Islam’s Poetry

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s literary contributions during his time were revolutionary and profoundly impacted Bengali poetry and music. Here are some key points regarding the works you mentioned:

1. Rebellious Poetry (Bidrohi Kobi): Nazrul’s “Bidrohi Kobi,” or “Rebellious Poetry,” was a departure from conventional poetic styles. It was marked by its fierce, rebellious spirit and bold themes. This style resonated with the struggles of the time, as it was written during political upheaval and social change. It expressed a deep desire for freedom, justice, and overthrowing oppressive forces.
2. Breaking Song Music (Bhanga Gaan): Nazrul also introduced “Bhanga Gaan,” a style of music that defied traditional norms. It incorporated elements of folk music, Sufi music, and classical music, blending them with his unique compositions. Bhanga Gaan was characterized by its emotional intensity and ability to convey powerful messages.
3. Kamal Pasha: “Kamal Pasha” was a poem written by Nazrul that expressed his views on the futility of the Khilafat Movement among Indian Muslims and their aspirations for a Caliphate. It reflected his deep understanding of contemporary international events and their impact on India’s political and social landscape.
4. Agniveena (The Fire Harp): “Agniveena” was a poetry collection published in 1922. It was a groundbreaking work that ushered in a new era in Bengali poetry. This collection, which included poems like “Pralyollas,” “Aghorhin,” “Kheyapar’s Tarani,” “Shat-il-Arab,” and “Rebel,” had a transformative effect on the world of Bengali poetry.
5. Impact on Bengali Poetry: Nazrul’s works challenged traditional norms and brought a fresh perspective to Bengali poetry. His words were passionate, and his themes were bold. He encouraged people to question societal injustices and to strive for a better world. His use of language and metaphors was innovative and groundbreaking.
6. Children’s Poetry: Nazrul’s poetry, like his other works, added a touch of beauty and imagination to Bengali literature. His ability to connect with children through his poetry made him a beloved figure among young readers.

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s literary legacy remains significant, and his contributions have impacted Bengali culture and literature. His poems and songs continue to inspire and empower generations of people, and his works serve as a testament to his unwavering commitment to social justice, freedom, and humanism.

                                                  Kazi Nazrul Islam’s Music

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s immense contribution to music is indeed noteworthy. He composed over four thousand songs, known as Nazrul Sangeet, demonstrating his prolific and versatile musical talent. Here are some additional insights into his work for the Calcutta Radio Centre and the development of his music:

1. Calcutta Radio Centre: Nazrul officially joined the Calcutta Radio Centre in 1938. It marked a significant point in his career, where he had the opportunity to reach a broader audience with his music.
2. Radio Shows: Nazrul was involved in writing songs for three radio shows: ‘Haramani,’ ‘Nabragamalika,’ and ‘Gitibichitra.’ These shows allowed him to showcase his talents as a composer and singer, reaching listeners through the radio.
3. ‘Haramani’ Program: ‘Haramani’ was a monthly radio program that featured Nazrul’s renditions of songs in less popular and nearly extinct ragas. This program allowed him to introduce these ragas to a broader audience. He composed new songs in these ragas, contributing to their revival.
4. Study of Ragas: During his work on ‘Haramani,’ Kazi Nazrul Islam delved deeply into the study of ragas. He referred to texts like ‘M Arifun Nagmat’ by Nawab Ali Chowdhury and the writings of Amir Khusro in Persian. His dedication to understanding and mastering various ragas was reflected in his compositions.
5. Compositions on Lost Ragas: Nazrul composed over forty songs on the lost and less popular ragas as part of his work on ‘Haramani.’ His compositions were musically significant and helped preserve and revive these ragas.
6. Loss of Compiled Account: Unfortunately, a compiled account of these songs, with notations, was lost. This loss was a significant setback for preserving his musical work, but it is a testament to his creative genius that he contributed so much to Bengali music.

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s dedication to reviving and innovating in the field of music and his ability to bridge classical and folk elements enriched Bengali music and continues to inspire musicians and music enthusiasts. His songs and compositions remain a treasure in the music world and a testament to his profound musical talents.

                                       Nazrul’s Prose Works, Stories, and Novels

Kazi Nazrul Islam, best known for his poetry and music, also ventured into prose writing, including stories and novels. While his poetry and songs are more widely celebrated, his prose works offer a different perspective on his literary talent. Here are some of his notable prose works:

1. “Dolonchapa” (The Braid of Straw) is one of Nazrul’s most famous and critically acclaimed novels. It was published in 1923. The novel explores themes of love, oppression, and societal constraints. It tells the story of a young woman named Rupmati and her struggles against an unjust society.
2. “Mogor Gado” (The Captive of the Sea): This novel, published in 1928, is set against the backdrop of a shipwreck and deals with themes of human suffering, resilience, and the quest for freedom.
3. “Bisher Banshi” (The Poison Flute): Another one of Nazrul’s novels, “Bisher Banshi,” published in 1924, deals with themes of religious conversion and interfaith relationships. The story revolves around a Hindu boy and a Muslim girl and their love story.
4. “Bandhan-hara” (The Freeing of Bondage): This novel, published in 1930, focuses on social inequality and the struggle for freedom. It tells the story of a young woman named Suraiya who defies societal norms to marry the man she loves.
5. “Mrityukshudha” (The Fountain of Death): This novel delves into themes of death and mortality. It was published in 1930.
6. “Sarbahara” (The Proletariat): This novel was published in 1932 and explores the lives and struggles of the working class in society.

In addition to his novels, Kazi Nazrul Islam wrote short stories and essays on various topics, including social justice, spirituality, and nationalism. His prose works, like his poetry, often carried strong messages and expressed his deep concern for the welfare of society and the rights of the oppressed.

While his prose works are less widely known than his poetry and music, they reflect his multifaceted talent and commitment to addressing social and political issues through literature. Kazi Nazrul Islam’s contributions to Bengali literature are celebrated for their profound impact on culture and society.

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s Movie

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s contributions to the world of cinema are also notable. He wrote lyrics and composed music for several Bengali films. While he was primarily known as a poet and musician, his work in the film industry significantly impacted Bengali cinema. Here are a few Bengali films for which he provided lyrics and music:

1. “Dhruba” (1934): “Dhruba” is considered one of the earliest Bengali talkie films, and Kazi Nazrul Islam contributed the lyrics and music for this movie. It’s noteworthy for his early forays into the film industry.
2. “Rajputrer Bagan” (1936): This film, directed by Amar Choudhury, featured lyrics and music by Nazrul. The movie is known for its patriotic and romantic themes.
3. “Street Singer” (1938): Directed by Phani Majumdar, this film included Nazrul’s songs, adding to its popularity. “Street Singer” showcased the struggles of a street musician and the importance of music in society.
4. “Jallad” (1939): Kazi Nazrul Islam provided the lyrics and music for this movie. The film addresses themes of social injustice and resistance, recurring motifs in his work.
5. “Dasyu Ratnakar” (1950): This historical film featured Nazrul’s compositions, including songs and background music. The story was based on the legendary character Ratnakar, who later became the sage Valmiki, the author of the Ramayana.

Nazrul’s involvement in these films enriched the cinematic landscape with his poignant lyrics and soul-stirring music. His compositions added depth and emotion to the narratives, and his contributions are still cherished in the Bengali film industry. These films are essential to his legacy as a multifaceted artist who significantly contributed to literature, music, and cinema.

Political Philosophy of Kazi Nazrul Islam

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s political philosophy was marked by a strong sense of social justice, anti-colonialism, and a commitment to the welfare of the oppressed and marginalized. His political and philosophical views were strongly reflected in his poetry, songs, and writings. Here are some critical elements of his political philosophy:

1. Anti-Colonialism and Nationalism: Nazrul was a fervent advocate for the independence of India from British colonial rule. His poetry and songs often expressed a deep patriotism and a strong desire for national freedom. He played an active role in the anti-colonial movements of his time.
2. Social Justice and Humanism: Central to Nazrul’s political philosophy was the concept of social justice and humanism. He was a passionate advocate for the rights and dignity of all individuals, regardless of their background. His poetry often critiqued social injustices and championed the cause of the oppressed.
3. Religious Tolerance: Nazrul was a proponent of religious tolerance and unity. His works frequently advocated for harmony among different religious communities, and he was critical of religious fundamentalism and divisions.
4. Equality and Women’s Rights: Nazrul was one of the early voices for gender equality and women’s rights in South Asia. He celebrated the strength and independence of women in his poetry and songs, emphasizing their rightful place in society.
5. Class Struggle and Proletariat: Nazrul’s works often explored the struggles of the working class and the oppressed. He was deeply concerned about the economic disparities in society and used his art to highlight the plight of the working masses.
6. Rebellion and Resistance: Nazrul’s writings and songs were characterized by their rebellious spirit. He believed in the power of resistance against oppressive forces, whether they were colonial rulers or societal norms that perpetuated inequality.
7. Unity and Brotherhood: His philosophy promoted the idea of unity and brotherhood among all people, regardless of their differences. He believed in the common humanity that transcended divisions.
8. Revolutionary Spirit: Nazrul was often associated with a revolutionary spirit that sought to challenge the status quo and work towards a more just and equitable society.

Kazi Nazrul Islam’s political philosophy was deeply rooted in the socio-political context of his time. His writings and activism significantly impacted the nationalistic and anti-colonial movements in India, and he continues to be celebrated for his commitment to social justice, humanism, and his unwavering stance against oppression and inequality. His legacy as a “Rebel Poet” and a social visionary endures in the hearts of people in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. It continues to inspire those who champion the cause of justice and freedom.

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